Saddam Hussein, once the fifth president of Iraq, stood in the dock in Baghdad on this day in 2005 alongside seven co-defendants, charged with crimes against humanity before the newly formed Iraqi Special Tribunal. The man who had ruled Iraq for over two decades now faced judgement for the killings of civilians, a reversal few could have imagined just years earlier when he commanded absolute power.

The trial dragged on through outbursts, walkouts and the assassination of defence lawyers before Hussein was convicted. He was executed by hanging just over a year later, on 30 December 2006.

Baathist era 5 dinar Iraqi banknote with Saddam Hussein
Baathist era 5 dinar Iraqi banknote with Saddam Hussein

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Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested on this day in 1960 alongside dozens of students and local activists after refusing to leave his seat at a segregated department store lunch counter in Atlanta. The protest was part of a sit-in movement that had spread across the South since four students staged the first one at a Woolworth’s in Greensboro, North Carolina, earlier that year.

Most of the group had their charges dismissed, but King alone was held over a probation violation tied to an earlier case and sentenced to months of hard labour. The arrest drew national attention when presidential candidate John F. Kennedy personally intervened to help secure his release, a move credited with swinging crucial Black support behind Kennedy weeks before he won the presidency.

Martin Luther King Jr Memorial. The statue memorial for Martin Luther King Jr. in West Potomac Park, Washington D. C.. | ID 36894618 © Atomazul | Dreamstime.com
ID 36894618 © Atomazul | Dreamstime.com

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Legend has it that King John of England was not felled by illness but by a monk’s revenge. Staying at Swineshead Abbey in Lincolnshire that October, John allegedly threatened to starve his own kingdom with crushing bread prices; a monk is said to have milked a toad for its venom, mixed it into a cup of ale, and drunk from it himself before serving the king, to prove the drink was safe. The monk reportedly died first in the abbey infirmary, and John followed him within hours.

The king, already infamous for the Magna Carta he was forced to sign and then tried to annul, died at Newark Castle on 19 October 1216 as a rebel army closed in on his crumbling kingdom. The poisoning story only surfaces in a chronicle written decades later for John’s old enemies, the barons; most contemporary accounts agree he died of dysentery, the far less dramatic verdict most historians still accept today.

Tomb of King John of England in Worcester Cathedral
Tomb of King John of England in Worcester Cathedral

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Richard Nixon had a choice: hand over the secret Oval Office recordings a court had ordered released, or dig in. On 19 October 1973, he chose defiance, rejecting an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes, recordings that held the conversations investigators believed would prove his role in the cover-up.

The refusal pushed Nixon to the edge of contempt of court and deepened a crisis that had already consumed his presidency. Rather than hand over the evidence, he tried to offer summaries in its place, a move that satisfied no one and only hardened suspicion that the tapes contained exactly what his accusers suspected. The standoff over those recordings would drag on for months, and it was the eventual release of the tapes that sealed his resignation the following year.

President Richard Nixon made of Wax. Wax figure Richard Nixon reading documents with american flag at desk | ID 59298060 © Lequint | Dreamstime.com
ID 59298060 © Lequint | Dreamstime.com

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On This Day in True Crime History

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