1999: Gunmen Storm the Armenian Parliament and Kill the Prime Minister on Live Television

Armed men burst into a session of the Armenian National Assembly and opened fire on the chamber, killing the country’s prime minister, Vazgen Sargsyan, and the Speaker, Karen Demirchyan, along with six other officials. The attack unfolded in front of television cameras broadcasting the sitting live, and the gunmen later claimed they were staging a coup with the prime minister as their target.

Armenian troops surrounded the parliament building and began negotiations as the gunmen held hostages inside. After a tense standoff on this day in 1999, the attackers surrendered without further bloodshed, leaving the nation to reckon with the loss of its top two leaders in a single afternoon.

Bust of Vazgen Sargsyan in Shushi Artsakh Armenia | ID 229264273 © Kar881am | Dreamstime.com
ID 229264273 © Kar881am | Dreamstime.com

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2002: Gas Over Bullets: the Moscow Theatre Siege Ends in Mass Death

Chechen militants had held hundreds of hostages inside a Moscow theatre for three days, the audience and performers alike trapped with explosives wired around the building. Negotiations dragged on with no resolution in sight, and the gunmen threatened to start killing captives if Russian forces did not withdraw from Chechnya.

Before dawn on this day in 2002, Spetsnaz special forces pumped an unidentified narcotic gas through the ventilation system and stormed the building. The assault killed the militants, but the gas proved just as deadly to the people it was meant to save: roughly 130 hostages died, most from the effects of the chemical agent rather than gunfire, and Russian authorities refused for years to disclose exactly what it was.

Special forces operator in black uniform moving through smoke
Special forces operator in black uniform moving through smoke

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1989: The Confession That Was Buried for 12 Years: the Guildford Four Finally Freed

The Guildford Four were four young people wrongly convicted over a pub bombing campaign carried out by the IRA in Guildford, England, in 1974, and sentenced to life in prison after detectives extracted confessions during lengthy, uncharged interrogations. Three of the convicted were in their early twenties; the youngest was still a teenager.

Within a few years an IRA unit known as the Balcombe Street Gang admitted in custody that they, not the four, had carried out the attack, but the confession was dismissed and the convictions stood. It took more than a decade, and the discovery that police had secretly rewritten interview notes to match the statements used at trial, before the case collapsed. On 19 October 1989, after 15 years behind bars, the Guildford Four walked free.

Gerry Conlon, One of the Guildford Four, wrongly jailed for the Guildford pub bombings in Surrey, England, at a book launch in London on June 11, 1990. | ID 11134005 © David Fowler | Dreamstime.com
ID 11134005 © David Fowler | Dreamstime.com

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1949: Born in Venezuela: the Birth of Carlos the Jackal, the Worlds Most Wanted Terrorist

Ilich Ramirez Sanchez was born in Venezuela on 12 October 1949, the son of a Marxist lawyer who named him after Lenin. Raised between a devoutly Catholic mother and a father devoted to revolutionary politics, he would grow up to become one of the most notorious political terrorists of the twentieth century.

As Carlos the Jackal, he carried out assassinations, bombings and hostage takings across Europe through the 1970s and into the 1980s, including the infamous 1975 raid on the OPEC headquarters in Vienna. For years he evaded capture using a fake Peruvian passport bearing the alias Carlos Andres Martinez Torres, fitted with a deliberately poor photograph he later admitted was a likeness intentionally bad, designed to throw investigators off his trail. That very passport, seized by French police who did not yet know his real identity, is the reason the world came to know him only as Carlos.

Peruvian passport - real or fake?
Peruvian passport – real or fake?

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On This Day in True Crime History
1841·First Blood on the Gallows: Two Men Hanged at the New Darlinghurst Gaol
1857·Newly Freed, Then Shot by His Employer: A Convict Hanged in Perth for Attempted Murder
1880·Ned Kelly Sentenced to Hang in Melbourne
1907·He Knew Where She Kept Her Money, But Killed Her Instead: Hanged in Sydney for the Murder of a Widow
1927·Squizzy Taylor Buried in Melbourne as a Morbid Crowd Forces Police to Intervene
More Crime On This Day →

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