1847: Mutilated to Frame a Maori Attack: the Family Murder That Nearly Sparked War in Auckland

When lookouts aboard HMS Dido spotted flames rising from a home near Auckland on 22 October 1847, sailors raced ashore to find Lieutenant Robert Snow, his wife Hannah and their young daughter Mary butchered, with flesh cut from each body and the house set alight. The staging was deliberate: ship’s carpenter Joseph Burns had mutilated the family to make the killings look like a Maori attack, hoping to steal the twelve pounds in naval pay kept in the house and spark fears of an uprising that gripped Auckland for weeks.

With Maori leaders unable to produce a culprit, suspicion only turned to Burns after he coerced his partner, Margaret Reardon, into backing a false confession blaming two innocent neighbours. Mid trial, word reached the court that Burns had cut his own throat in a failed suicide attempt, and in its aftermath he retracted the accusation. Reardon then testified against him, and Burns was convicted and hanged the following June, becoming the first European executed in New Zealand.

Burns went to the gallows having made a full confession, though it unfairly implicated Reardon, who was later convicted of perjury and transported to Tasmania.

Devonport, New Zealand, Today
Devonport, New Zealand, Today

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1854: An Acquittal Sparks a Riot: Ten Thousand Miners Burn the Eureka Hotel at Ballarat

When the men accused of killing miner James Scobie walked free, the goldfields of Ballarat erupted. Roughly ten thousand miners massed near the Eureka Hotel, the pub where Scobie had been beaten to death, convinced the verdict was a stitch-up between the publican and the authorities.

The crowd set the hotel ablaze and turned on the officials sent to calm them: Gold Commissioner Rede was pelted with eggs as police and soldiers failed to restore order. The riot was a direct spark for the unrest that would culminate weeks later in the Eureka Stockade, one of the defining clashes of Australian colonial history.

Burning of Bentleys Hotel during the Eureka Riot 1854
Burning of Bentleys Hotel during the Eureka Riot 1854

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1666: The Great Fire of London Begins on Pudding Lane

In the early hours of 2 September 1666, a fire broke out at the Pudding Lane bakery of Thomas Farriner in the City of London. Driven by strong winds, the blaze consumed around 80 percent of the old city before it was brought under control on 6 September. Though attributed to an accident at the bakery, the disaster ignited a desperate search for culprits.

Robert Hubert, a French watchmaker from Rouen, confessed to starting the fire. His confession was riddled with impossibilities: he had not arrived in England until two days after the fire broke out, and he described throwing a fire grenade through a window at the Farriner bakery, which had no windows. With nationalism inflamed by the Second Anglo-Dutch War, a scapegoat was needed, and Hubert, a foreigner in a hostile city, was hanged for a crime he almost certainly did not commit.

The Great Fire of London
The Great Fire of London

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1829: John Holmes Hanged for Arson at Campbelltown

John Holmes was convicted of maliciously setting fire to a barn belonging to James Benn at Campbell Town on 29 May 1829, with intent to injure and defraud the owner. The jury returned a verdict of guilty and a sentence of death was passed.

Holmes was executed at Campbelltown on 21 August 1829. On the scaffold, Reverend Mr. Therry sought and received permission to address the assembled crowd, relaying the condemned man’s confession before Holmes himself spoke, earnestly urging spectators to take warning from his fate and avoid the bad company that had brought him to his end.

Holmes acknowledged his guilt and the justice of his sentence, expressing hope that God had forgiven him as he freely forgave all who had wronged him.

Barn Fire
Barn Fire

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On This Day in True Crime History
1829·Beaten Unconscious Within Sight of the Gaol Wall: Hanged in Sydney for a Brutal Robbery
1894·Caught Serving Poisoned Tea: Martha Needle Hanged in Melbourne for a Family Poisoning Spree
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