William Harris had only just walked free from a Birmingham gaol, a three month sentence for robbing an outhouse behind him, when he broke into another house in the same street that same night. Caught in the act, he was convicted of burglary and condemned to death, later reprieved to transportation for life. He survived the notorious Second Fleet voyage aboard the Neptune, one of the deadliest convict crossings in Australia’s history, in which scores of prisoners perished before the ship ever reached Sydney.

In the young colony, Harris fell in with fellow convict Edward Wildblood, and the pair spent weeks pilfering from other convicts’ huts before fleeing into the bush. Recaptured and chained together on bread and water, they escaped again within weeks and broke into a hut, beating a sick settler and stealing beef, flour, a frock and a book. Tried for the break-in, the two men were hanged together on this day in 1790, among the first executions carried out in the young colony, with settlers gathered to watch them die from a tree.

In an extraordinary coincidence, Harris and Wildblood were both recorded as having been born on 1 January 1764. Their lives would ultimately end together, on the same day and at the same gallows, aged just 26.

Second Fleet aka The Death Fleet in distress
Second Fleet aka The Death Fleet in distress

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Thomas Menard, known on the road as “Yankee Tom”, shot his mate James Sweeney dead in a hut near Warrnambool on 10 June 1865 after what witnesses later described as relentless taunting between the two men; some swore Sweeney had reached for a quarrying hammer the moment Menard raised a pick against him. Menard fled south and vanished.

Police lost his trail for weeks. He resurfaced near Wodonga under the alias James Barrett, arrested over an armed robbery, and when Sergeant Bambrick recognised him a gunfight broke out on the spot: pistols fired at close range until Bambrick wrenched his wrist down, burying the shot in the dirt, and clubbed him senseless with the butt of his own revolver.

Menard was committed for trial and convicted of Sweeney’s murder. He was hanged at Geelong on this day in 1865, having told the court at his committal that he had nothing to say.

Shootout on a lonley road.
Shootout on a lonley road.

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President Woodrow Wilson vetoed it, warning that banning alcohol while rationing wartime grain made no sense now the war was over. Congress disagreed, and on this day in 1919 the Senate and House of Representatives overrode his veto, pushing the Volstead Act into law and setting a date to enforce the newly ratified Eighteenth Amendment.

The Act gave Prohibition its teeth: it defined any drink over 0.5 percent alcohol as illegal and handed federal agents the power to raid, seize and prosecute. Within months, that vacuum would be filled not by sobriety but by bootleggers, speakeasies and the organised crime syndicates who built fortunes smuggling what the law had just made forbidden.

New York City Deputy Police Commissioner overseeing the disposal of confiscated liquor during Prohibition, c. 1921. Source: Library of Congress.
New York City Deputy Police Commissioner overseeing the disposal of confiscated liquor during Prohibition, c. 1921. Source: Library of Congress.

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Edward Wildblood sailed to New South Wales on the Second Fleet ship Surprize, a voyage so brutal that dozens of convicts died before it even reached Sydney in June 1790. He was one of the lucky ones, stumbling ashore half starved after months chained below deck, only to find the colony offered little mercy either.

Within three months he and fellow convict William Harris had taken to the bush around Rose Hill, the settlement that would become Parramatta, robbing huts and killing a settler’s goat. Caught and sent back to labour in irons on bread and water, the pair slipped away again during their overseer’s absence, broke into a hut and beat its lone occupant, a sick settler, before making off with beef, flour, a frock and a book. Tried and convicted on 28 October 1790, Wildblood and Harris were hanged that same day at Rose Hill, their bodies left swinging near the very hut they had robbed, one of the earliest executions carried out in the colony.

In a remarkable twist of fate, both men were recorded as having been born on the same day, 1 January 1764, only to die together on the same day, aged just 26, at the end of a hangman’s rope.

Second Fleet aka The Death Fleet in distress
Second Fleet aka The Death Fleet in distress

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On This Day in True Crime History

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