James Yardsley was drinking keg beer with fellow farm servants in a hut near Deloraine on the night of 26 July 1851 when, after a separate scuffle outside, he strode back in and told Robert Hudson he would be his “butcher to night.” He stabbed Hudson three times with a pocket knife while another labourer, Bush, wrestled for the blade and begged him to stop; Hudson collapsed with wounds to his chest, arm and back.

Convicted of wounding with intent to do bodily harm, Yardsley was hanged at Launceston on this day in 1851, the same port where he had landed as a transported convict sixteen years earlier.

When his employer confronted him that night, Yardsley answered flatly, “I’ve done it, and am willing to suffer,” and later said he was ready to “die on the gallows for it.”

Butcher and butcherer
Butcher and butcherer

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Indira Gandhi walked through the garden of her official residence in New Delhi on the morning of 31 October 1984, heading to an interview, when two of her own bodyguards turned their weapons on her. Beant Singh and Satwant Singh, both Sikh members of her personal security detail, shot her repeatedly at close range. She died within hours.

The killing was revenge. Five months earlier, Gandhi had ordered the army into the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Sikhism’s holiest site, to clear out militants sheltering inside; hundreds died in the operation, and many Sikhs saw it as a desecration. Beant Singh was shot dead by other guards moments after the attack; Satwant Singh was captured, tried and later hanged. In the days that followed, mobs across India killed thousands of Sikhs in revenge riots that the assassination had set in motion.

DELHI INDIA 02 12 2023: Indira Gandhi painting was an Indian politician and stateswoman who served as the third prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. | ID 276554060 © Meunierd | Dreamstime.com
ID 276554060 © Meunierd | Dreamstime.com

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Francis Duke, a servant on George Hill’s farm near Deloraine in northern Tasmania, woke his employer in the middle of the night with an urgent story: the bullock being fattened was choking and needed help. When they reached the shed the animal was calm and Duke complained only of the cold, but as Hill turned back toward the house Duke knocked him down with a piece of firewood and began stabbing him as the two men grappled on the ground. It was Hill’s wife who turned the fight, beating Duke with a brick until neighbours arrived to help subdue him.

Searching the property afterwards, they found Duke’s fellow servant, a ticket-of-leave man named William Smith, already dead in his bed, a wound driven more than an inch into his skull while he slept. Duke was convicted of murder and sentenced to death without hope of mercy. He was hanged at Launceston on 31 October 1851.

Duke, a Spaniard who reportedly spoke unintelligibly in court, insisted to the end that the evidence given by Hill and his wife was false from beginning to end.

Old Launceston Gaol, viewed from Wellington Square. State Library and Archives of Tasmania, LPIC147/4/62.
Old Launceston Gaol, viewed from Wellington Square. State Library and Archives of Tasmania, LPIC147/4/62.

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Thomas Sanders and his accomplice, John Johnson, burst into a farmhouse at Keilor, outside Melbourne, and held the farmer, his pregnant wife and their teenage servant girl at gunpoint for six hours. They nailed the windows shut, hung the family’s double-barrelled gun out of reach, then settled by the fire to fry a stolen ham and drink the household’s wine and brandy while their captives sat bound and silent in the kitchen.

At trial, Sanders admitted his involvement in the robbery but disputed the evidence against him on the more serious charge. Both men were convicted, and Sanders was hanged on 31 October 1861. The rope had been improperly adjusted, leaving him struggling on the gallows for three minutes. He maintained his innocence of the capital offence to the end, declaring before the execution crowd, “I stand before you innocent of the offence for which I am about to die… I swear I am innocent.”

Cast-iron pan with pork belly cooking over a forest campfire
Cast-iron pan with pork belly cooking over a forest campfire

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