Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested on this day in 1960 alongside dozens of students and local activists after refusing to leave his seat at a segregated department store lunch counter in Atlanta. The protest was part of a sit-in movement that had spread across the South since four students staged the first one at a Woolworth’s in Greensboro, North Carolina, earlier that year.

Most of the group had their charges dismissed, but King alone was held over a probation violation tied to an earlier case and sentenced to months of hard labour. The arrest drew national attention when presidential candidate John F. Kennedy personally intervened to help secure his release, a move credited with swinging crucial Black support behind Kennedy weeks before he won the presidency.

Martin Luther King Jr Memorial. The statue memorial for Martin Luther King Jr. in West Potomac Park, Washington D. C.. | ID 36894618 © Atomazul | Dreamstime.com
ID 36894618 © Atomazul | Dreamstime.com

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The Guildford Four were four young people wrongly convicted over a pub bombing campaign carried out by the IRA in Guildford, England, in 1974, and sentenced to life in prison after detectives extracted confessions during lengthy, uncharged interrogations. Three of the convicted were in their early twenties; the youngest was still a teenager.

Within a few years an IRA unit known as the Balcombe Street Gang admitted in custody that they, not the four, had carried out the attack, but the confession was dismissed and the convictions stood. It took more than a decade, and the discovery that police had secretly rewritten interview notes to match the statements used at trial, before the case collapsed. On 19 October 1989, after 15 years behind bars, the Guildford Four walked free.

Gerry Conlon, One of the Guildford Four, wrongly jailed for the Guildford pub bombings in Surrey, England, at a book launch in London on June 11, 1990. | ID 11134005 © David Fowler | Dreamstime.com
ID 11134005 © David Fowler | Dreamstime.com

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Saddam Hussein, once the fifth president of Iraq, stood in the dock in Baghdad on this day in 2005 alongside seven co-defendants, charged with crimes against humanity before the newly formed Iraqi Special Tribunal. The man who had ruled Iraq for over two decades now faced judgement for the killings of civilians, a reversal few could have imagined just years earlier when he commanded absolute power.

The trial dragged on through outbursts, walkouts and the assassination of defence lawyers before Hussein was convicted. He was executed by hanging just over a year later, on 30 December 2006.

Baathist era 5 dinar Iraqi banknote with Saddam Hussein
Baathist era 5 dinar Iraqi banknote with Saddam Hussein

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Istvan ‘Steve’ Gulyas ran a dating agency out of Sunbury, on the outskirts of Melbourne, that police suspected was really a front for a brothel. He was also a friend of Nik Radev, a standover figure already gunned down in the city’s escalating underworld war.

That connection made Gulyas a marked man. On 20 October 2003 he and his de facto wife were found shot dead inside their home, both killed in what police treated as a deliberate execution rather than a robbery gone wrong.

The case became one of several unsolved or unresolved killings tied to the broader Melbourne gangland conflict of the late 1990s and 2000s, with no one ever convicted over the double murder.

Gangland: more than a dictionary definition in Melbourne, 1998–2010.
Gangland: more than a dictionary definition in Melbourne, 1998–2010.

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On This Day in True Crime History

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