John Dunn was convicted at the Parramatta Court of Criminal Jurisdiction of murdering Mary Rowe, largely on the testimony of a sixteen year old accomplice, John Welch, whose evidence also saw Welch’s father, Thomas Welch, convicted as an accessory after the fact.

Dunn was due to hang at Parramatta two days beforehand, on Monday 16 September 1811, but as the execution was about to proceed the boy, John Welch, suddenly retracted everything he had sworn at trial. He declared Dunn innocent and claimed that he and his father were the true killers. The Acting Provost Marshal, unable to consult anyone and acting on what observers called motives of humanity, respited the hanging on the spot.

The reprieve lasted only two days. Dunn was finally executed at Parramatta on the Wednesday following, as near as possible to the site of the murder itself, amid what one witness described as far gloomier circumstances than the original sentence would have produced.

After he was cut down, Dunn’s body was delivered to the medical officer at Parramatta General Hospital, where it was dissected and anatomised before burial. The scaffold retraction left lingering public doubt over Dunn’s guilt, with contemporary accounts noting the boy’s claim that Dunn was innocent and that he and his father were the real perpetrators.

Lady Justice Themis statue on gallows with scales and sword
Lady Justice Themis statue on gallows with scales and sword

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At 12:01 pm on September 16, 1920, a horse-drawn wagon parked across from the J.P. Morgan & Co. headquarters at 23 Wall Street exploded, packed with 100 pounds of dynamite and 500 pounds of cast-iron sash weights turned into shrapnel. Thirty people died instantly and eight more later succumbed to their wounds, with 143 seriously injured and hundreds hurt in total. Witnesses saw the driver step down and vanish down a side street moments before the blast; he was never identified.

Within a minute, the New York Stock Exchange president suspended trading to head off panic. A 17-year-old messenger, commandeered a parked car and used it to ferry 30 wounded victims to hospital as police seized nearby vehicles for the same purpose. Crews worked through the night to clear the wreckage so the Exchange could reopen the next morning, but in doing so destroyed evidence that might have identified the bomber.

Investigators from the Bureau of Investigation, forerunner of the FBI, suspected the attack was the work of Galleanist anarchists responsible for a string of bombings the previous year, but no one was ever charged. More than a century on, the Wall Street bombing remains unsolved, its perpetrator and motive still unknown.

Historic photo of bombing aftermath on Wall Street
Historic photo of bombing aftermath on Wall Street

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Annie Thornton, was murdered in her home at Carlton, a suburb of Melbourne, on the night of 10 July 1889. Piercing screams were heard coming from the house that night, but no neighbour intervened and nothing was reported to police until the inquest weeks later.

The man committed for trial, Filipe Castillo, showed almost total indifference to his fate. On the very night of the killing he was seen with another woman and showed her a bloodstained waistcoat, claiming it came from a cut to his arm. He then handed out jewellery stolen from the dead woman to several other women, including the wedding ring he had taken from her finger.

The murdered woman’s husband, Henry Thornton, had been living apart from his wife and was working in Ballarat at the time. On hearing of the killing he walked into the Ballarat watch-house himself, gave a detailed account of his movements and produced letters proving he had not seen his wife since parting from her on good terms months earlier; he was cleared of any involvement.

At the inquest a verdict of wilful murder was returned, and the accused was described as remarkably unconcerned throughout the proceedings. He was tried, convicted and hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 16 September 1889 for one of the most brutal and cold-blooded murders Melbourne had seen.

Bag of jewels spilled open with gems falling out
Bag of jewels spilled open with gems falling out

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Archibald Hall began as a teenage thief in Glasgow before reinventing himself behind bars, studying antiques and taking elocution lessons to erase his Scottish accent. He adopted the alias Roy Fontaine, borrowed from actress Joan Fontaine, and used the new identity to work as a butler to British aristocracy.

The disguise concealed a killer. In 1977, Hall shot a gamekeeper during a staged rabbit hunt after the man threatened to expose his criminal past, then buried him beside a stream. Later, while working for a former Labour MP and his wife, Hall and an accomplice suffocated the wife after she caught them plotting to rob the couple. They drugged her husband and drove him to Scotland, where they buried her body before strangling him and beating him with a shovel. The couple’s housekeeper was also murdered during the spree.

Convicted of four murders, Hall was sentenced to life in prison without parole. He died behind bars in Portsmouth, England, with the Monster Butler persona outliving the man who had built it.

The Butler Did Do It
The Butler Did Do It

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On This Day in True Crime History
1867·Hanged at Perth Gaol, His Final Words a Shout for the Irish Republic
1908·The Slowest Death: a Perth Stepmother's Acid Poisoning Spree Claims a Third Child
1923·Squizzy Taylor Walked Free While a Man Who Never Fired a Shot Hanged for a Melbourne Bank Murder
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