1865: A Desperate Shootout on a Lonely Road Unmasked "Yankee Tom" as a Wanted Killer

Thomas Menard, known on the road as "Yankee Tom", shot his mate James Sweeney dead in a hut near Warrnambool on 10 June 1865 after what witnesses later described as relentless taunting between the two men; some swore Sweeney had reached for a quarrying hammer the moment Menard raised a pick against him. Menard fled south and vanished.

Police lost his trail for weeks. He resurfaced near Wodonga under the alias James Barrett, arrested over an armed robbery, and when Sergeant Bambrick recognised him a gunfight broke out on the spot: pistols fired at close range until Bambrick wrenched his wrist down, burying the shot in the dirt, and clubbed him senseless with the butt of his own revolver.

Menard was committed for trial and convicted of Sweeney's murder. He was hanged at Geelong on this day in 1865, having told the court at his committal that he had nothing to say.

Shootout on a lonley road.
Shootout on a lonley road.

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1878: Three Policemen Killed: The Kelly Gang's Deadly Ambush at Stringybark Creek

Four policemen searching for Ned Kelly and his gang had made camp at Stringybark Creek, near Mansfield, when the outlaws struck on 26 October 1878. Sergeant Michael Kennedy and Constable Michael Scanlan were away searching the bush when the gang surprised Constables Thomas Lonigan and Thomas McIntyre at the camp. Lonigan was shot dead after attempting to draw his revolver, while McIntyre surrendered and was held captive.

The gang then waited for the other two officers to return. As Kennedy and Scanlan rode into camp, they were ordered to surrender, but gunfire erupted and Scanlan was killed. McIntyre escaped on Kennedy's horse during the confusion, while Kennedy fought his way into the bush, pursued by the outlaws. He was eventually tracked down and killed. McIntyre reached Mansfield the following day to raise the alarm, the sole survivor of an encounter that left three policemen dead and helped turn the Kelly Gang into Australia's most notorious bushrangers.

The Capture of Ned Kelly, Julian Ashton, wood engraving, The Illustrated Australian News, 3 July 1880. State Library of Victoria. Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.
The Capture of Ned Kelly, Julian Ashton, wood engraving, The Illustrated Australian News, 3 July 1880. State Library of Victoria. Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.

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1926: The Gold He Took to His Grave: Two Men Hanged in Fremantle for Killing Two Police Officers

William Coulter and Phillip Treffene were illegal gold buyers on the Kalgoorlie goldfields, trading in stolen bullion. When Detective-Inspector John Walsh and Sergeant Alexander Pitman closed in near Boulder on 28 April 1926, the two men shot them dead, then cut up and burned as much of the bodies as they could before dumping the rest down a mineshaft.

At trial, the pair claimed the shootings were a freak accident, a shotgun discharging as Treffene stumbled while fleeing. The jury took four hours to reject the story, returning a verdict of guilty and adding that they bitterly regretted the accomplice who had helped dispose of the bodies was not standing trial alongside them.

In the condemned cell, Coulter let slip a stranger secret: for years he had buried stolen gold bars across the goldfields, marking a chosen tree with a notch and pacing out the distance with a length of string he always carried. He never told a soul where the bars lay, and with his death the locations, worth thousands of pounds, were lost for good.

Coulter and Treffene were hanged in Fremantle on this day in 1926, within minutes of each other.

Both protested their innocence from the gallows. Coulter said, "I am innocent of the crime that I have been charged with," while Treffene called it, "purely and simply an accident."

Coulter and Treffene in the dock courtroom pictures 1926
Coulter and Treffene in the dock courtroom pictures 1926

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1884: He Helped Murder a Policeman, Then Willed His Estate to the Widow

Thomas Carbury and an accomplice, Andrew Miller, were arrested for drunkenness in a small Western Australian town, and Constable Patrick Hackett refused to return the new clothing found in their swag, worth about £20, until they explained how they had got it. Released that evening, the pair bludgeoned and stabbed him to death on 12 September 1884; the hammers used on him turned up cleaned but still blood-stained, quietly returned to the local blacksmith's shop.

Police hunted the two men for a week. Cornered in a shootout, Miller was fatally wounded and confessed with his dying breath that "both Carbury and myself killed him." Carbury fled but was soon tracked down and arrested, reportedly carrying a bottle of strychnine, as if hoping to cheat the gallows.

Awaiting execution in Perth, Carbury made a will leaving his savings, horses and stock of cut sandalwood entirely to Hackett's widow. He never once spoke his victim's name, calling him only "that man," and said he wanted everything he owned "to go to the benefit of the child of that man." He was hanged in Perth on this day in 1884, so overcome with terror that two constables had to carry him to the scaffold.

He had earlier acknowledged his guilt to the prison chaplain, though he never explained why he and Miller had killed Hackett.

Portrait of police Corporal Evan Williams Western Australia
Portrait of police Corporal Evan Williams Western Australia

⬅ See all events from 23 October

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On This Day in True Crime History
1858·The Rope Broke, So They Hanged Him Again: Samuel Gibbs Executed in Melbourne for the Murder of His Wife
1858·He Named Four Innocent Men as the Killers: Hanged in Melbourne for a Ballarat Murder
1929·She Asked for a Kiss, Then Bled to Death: Frederick Carr Hanged in Adelaide for Murdering His Wife
1963·The Royal Commission That Cleared Brisbane Police, Then Unravelled as a Cover-up
More Crime On This Day →

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