1840: The Coorong Executions after the Maria Massacre

In June 1840, the ship Maria wrecked on Margaret Brock Reef off Cape Jaffa, South Australia. All twenty-six aboard reached shore, but the survivors later split into groups as they attempted to make their way towards Adelaide. Those travelling along the coast entered the territory of the local clan, where they were killed in a series of attacks. The remaining survivors were also pursued and subsequently killed.

Major O’Halloran, acting under orders, rounded up members of the local clan and conducted a summary field trial on the Adelaide frontier. Two men were hanged on 25 August 1840, in what colonial authorities framed as justice for the massacre, but which many historians regard as an act of punitive colonial retribution.

Major OHallorans 1840 expedition scene with mounted party
Major OHallorans 1840 expedition scene with mounted party

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1939: The Last Judicial Execution in New South Wales History

John Trevor Kelly, 24, was hanged at Long Bay Gaol near Botany Bay, Sydney, shortly after eight in the morning of 24 August 1939. He had been convicted of the axe murder of Marjorie Constance Sommerlad at Hillcrest farm near Tenterfield, where he had been working alongside her and her brother Eric. During the attack, Kelly also struck Eric Sommerlad with the same axe, though Eric survived. Appeals to the Court of Criminal Appeals and the High Court both failed.

Kelly became the last person judicially executed in New South Wales. His father, a well-known figure in Lismore and northern New South Wales, mounted a public appeal arguing that other killers had received commuted sentences, and that his son had no control of himself when drinking. Authorities refused to intervene.

John Trevor Kelly axe murderer.
John Trevor Kelly axe murderer.

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1305: William Wallace Hanged, Drawn, and Quartered at Smithfield

William Wallace, the Scottish knight and military leader who had defied English rule for nearly a decade, was captured in August 1305 and swiftly tried for treason and atrocities against English civilians. Brought before a tribunal in Westminster Hall, he denied the charge of treason on the grounds that he had never sworn allegiance to the English crown, but the verdict was a foregone conclusion.

On 23 August 1305, Wallace was dragged through the streets of London to Smithfield, where he was hanged, cut down while still alive, disembowelled, beheaded, and his body divided into four parts. His head was displayed on London Bridge; his limbs were sent to Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth as a warning to those who would resist English rule. He became the most enduring symbol of Scottish resistance.

William Wallace statue outside Stirling Castle Scotland
William Wallace statue outside Stirling Castle Scotland

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1853: John Smith Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for the Murder of a Miner at Fryer's Creek

In 1853, John Smith and Henry Turner forced their way into the hut of John Warren at Fryer’s Creek, demanding gold. When Warren could not produce it, the pair shot him in the eye with a revolver at close range. Warren was found blind and bleeding, groping through the bush. He died shortly after, the bullet having shattered a fragment of his temporal bone into the brain.

Both men were tried, convicted, and hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 23 August 1853, before a large crowd assembled outside the walls.

Smith, attended by Catholic priests in his final days, was brought to acknowledge that the sentence he was about to suffer was just and merited.

View from below of historical gallows in Tombstone Arizona
View from below of historical gallows in Tombstone Arizona

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On This Day in True Crime History

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