1959: The Quiz Show That Was Rigged All Along: Charles Van Doren Confesses to America

Charles Van Doren had been one of American television's most beloved figures, a telegenic young academic whose winning streak on the quiz show 21 made him a household name and a symbol of brains over brawn. The adoration was built on a lie: producers had been feeding him questions and answers in advance, scripting his hesitations and furrowed brows to maximise suspense.

On this day in 1959, Van Doren admitted the truth before a congressional hearing, confessing that the contest had been fixed from the start. The admission shattered public faith in the new medium of television and triggered prosecutions of the producers and network figures behind the deception, some of whom later served time in prison.

Van Doren himself was convicted of perjury for earlier denials but received a suspended sentence, his once-golden reputation left in ruins.

Quiz Show Watching 1950s
Quiz Show Watching 1950s

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1618: A Sharp Medicine for All Diseases: the Execution of Sir Walter Raleigh

Sir Walter Raleigh had already cheated the executioner once. Convicted of treason within months of Queen Elizabeth's death, after rivals whispered that he had opposed the accession of King James, he was spared at the last moment and spent thirteen years locked in the Tower of London instead.

Released in 1616 to hunt for gold in Guiana, Raleigh promised the voyage would bring no trouble with Spain. It did: his men attacked a Spanish outpost against direct orders, the expedition found no gold, and Raleigh came home to a king eager to please Madrid and an old death sentence still on the books. It was carried out in London on 29 October 1618.

On the scaffold he asked to examine the axe himself, running a thumb along the blade before remarking, "This is a sharp medicine, but it is a physician that will cure all diseases."

Sir Walter Raleigh imprisoned in the Tower of London by Henry Wallis
Sir Walter Raleigh imprisoned in the Tower of London by Henry Wallis

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1927: Squizzy Taylor Buried in Melbourne as a Morbid Crowd Forces Police to Intervene

Joseph Theodore Leslie "Squizzy" Taylor, Melbourne's most notorious gunman, had died days earlier in a shootout with rival criminal Cutmore. He was buried in a polished oak coffin with gold mountings at Brighton Cemetery on this day in 1927, while hundreds of onlookers, mostly women, crowded outside his Richmond home to watch the coffin leave.

What followed was described in the press as a disgraceful exhibition of morbid curiosity. Traffic was blocked for half an hour, and just before the funeral began a crowd surged at the gateway, forcing police to be called to clear a path. At the graveside few of Taylor's former associates could be seen among the throng of sightseers. Cutmore, the other man killed in the same gun battle, had been buried the previous day at Coburg.

The Squiz: Leslie 'Squizzy' Taylor, police identification photographs July 1924 [collection of the Public Record Office of Victoria, Central Register for Male Prisoners 31530 - 31927 (1907-1909)]
The Squiz: Leslie 'Squizzy' Taylor, police identification photographs July 1924 [collection of the Public Record Office of Victoria, Central Register for Male Prisoners 31530 - 31927 (1907-1909)]

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1957: Marshal Zhukov Returns From a Foreign Trip to Find Himself Purged by Khrushchev

Georgi Zhukov was the Soviet Union's most celebrated soldier, the man who had accepted Germany's surrender and inspected the Moscow Victory Parade. That fame became his undoing. After Stalin's death, Zhukov helped Nikita Khrushchev secure power and was rewarded with the post of Defence Minister, but his popularity soon made him look like a rival rather than an ally.

In October 1957, while Zhukov was away on an official visit to Yugoslavia and Albania, the ground shifted beneath him. He flew back into Moscow on 26 October and was taken straight into a Presidium meeting, where he was removed from the body on the spot. Within days the Central Committee accused him of fostering his own personality cult and conducting unauthorised foreign dealings; he was expelled and forced into retirement at 61, never to hold high office again.

Photograph: Russian Ministry of Defence (Mil.ru), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Digitally colourised and enhanced.
Photograph: Russian Ministry of Defence (Mil.ru), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Digitally colourised and enhanced.

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On This Day in True Crime History

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