1880: Ned Kelly Sentenced to Hang in Melbourne

Ned Kelly, the leader of the Kelly Gang, had spent years outrunning the law across the Victorian bush, his armour and audacity turning him into both outlaw and folk hero. That ended after the siege at Glenrowan, where he was captured wounded and alone while the rest of his gang died in the shootout or the fire that followed.

He was tried in Melbourne for the murder of a police constable, and on this day in 1880 he was sentenced to death. Within weeks the man who had defied colonial police for years would be hanged, his legend only growing in the telling long after the rope did its work.

Ned Kelly in the dock courtroom illustration: colorised.
Ned Kelly in the dock courtroom illustration: colorised.

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1884: “A Sort of Duel”: the First Man Hanged at Geraldton

Sing Ong, a Chinese settler at Cape Lesueur on Shark Bay, shot his countryman Ah Foo twice on 11 May 1884 in a quarrel over a servant Sing Ong believed was rightfully his. Witnesses heard the shots and found Ah Foo dying of a wound below the chest, having first picked up a stick and told his killer he was not afraid of his knife, gun, or revolver.

At his trial in Geraldton, his own counsel argued the shooting had been a sort of duel between the two men, pointing out that police never produced the pistol and failed to call other witnesses who might have helped him. The jury convicted him regardless, and the Governor delayed the sentence to weigh a mercy petition, but found nothing in it to change the outcome.

On 29 October 1884, Sing Ong was hanged at Geraldton gaol, the town’s first execution, carried out so cleanly that death came the instant the bolt was drawn.

From his arrest to the gallows, Sing Ong never denied the killing.

The original Geraldton Courthouse, circa 1900. Built in the 1860s, the courthouse was in use when Sing Ong stood trial for murder in 1884. State Library of Western Australia, BA597/26.
The original Geraldton Courthouse, circa 1900. Built in the 1860s, the courthouse was in use when Sing Ong stood trial for murder in 1884. State Library of Western Australia, BA597/26.

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1901: The Anarchist Who Shot a President: Leon Czolgosz Electrocuted for Killing William McKinley

Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist, shot President William McKinley at point-blank range during a public reception at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York, on 6 September 1901. McKinley initially seemed to be recovering from his wounds, giving doctors and the public hope, but he died eight days later.

Czolgosz was swiftly tried and convicted of the killing. He was electrocuted on this day in 1901, one of the clearest and most public reckonings in the history of presidential assassinations in the United States.

Leon Czolgosz mug shot portrait: 1901
Leon Czolgosz mug shot portrait: 1901

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1907: He Knew Where She Kept Her Money, But Killed Her Instead: Hanged in Sydney for the Murder of a Widow

Nicholas Baxter had been night watchman at the biscuit factory next to Mary Macnamara’s home in Sydney for six and a half years, and the elderly widow trusted him completely. By his own account he knew where she kept her money, had fetched change for her dozens of times, and could have taken it without her ever knowing. He never did, not until he resigned from the job in June 1907 and returned a month later.

On the morning of 8 July 1907 Macnamara was found bludgeoned in her ransacked bedroom. Police found Baxter that same day wandering in circles near Strathfield, drunk, wearing a hat taken from her hall stand and carrying her jewellery. When he tried to bolt after being re-arrested, he gave up with the words, “It’s all up, you’ve got me now.”

At trial his defence was that years of overwork as a night watchman, ninety-hour weeks with no night off, had left him unfit to know right from wrong. The jury was not persuaded, and Baxter was hanged in Sydney on this day in 1907.

He had earlier confessed to police, “I don’t know what possessed me to do it. I must have been mad. I didn’t intend to hurt the poor old body, but she would not keep quiet.”

Nicholas Baxter gaol inmate photo index Darlinghurst Gaol 1907 Colorised: State Archives NSW Collection Record INDEX2056662.
Nicholas Baxter gaol inmate photo index Darlinghurst Gaol 1907 Colorised: State Archives NSW Collection Record INDEX2056662.

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On This Day in True Crime History

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