1861: Hanged Where They Killed: Two Men Executed for the Murder of a Shepherd in Colonial South Australia

In September 1861, two men were tried and executed for the murder of a shepherd, Theodore Gustavus Burggoist, near Fowler’s Bay in South Australia.

Before their execution, the two men acknowledged their guilt. Officials erected the gallows on the exact spot where the killing had taken place, guided there by the two men themselves, who calmly pointed out the bush where the shepherd had been sitting, the place where he was attacked as he tried to flee, and the spot where he later died of his wound.

Members of the community gathered to witness the execution, alongside the local station owner, the ship’s captain who had carried the official party, and several station hands. When it came time to take the bodies down, onlookers fled in evident terror, refusing to help remove them. The two men were buried at the site of the execution, laid to rest beneath the very ground where the shepherd had died.

Shepherd at work.
Shepherd at work.

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1901: Leon Czolgosz Shoots President McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition

On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice in the abdomen while shaking hands with the public at the Temple of Music during the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. His attacker, 28-year-old Leon Czolgosz, was an anarchist who had lost his job in the Panic of 1893 and come to regard McKinley as a symbol of oppression. Despite appearing to recover initially, McKinley died on September 14 from gangrene caused by his wounds, becoming the third American president assassinated after Abraham Lincoln and James A. Garfield.

Czolgosz was convicted of first-degree murder within a month and executed by electric chair on October 29, 1901. McKinley was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. In the aftermath, Congress formally charged the Secret Service with protecting the president.

McKinley last photo
McKinley last photo

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1924: John Dillinger Commits His First Crime: A Robbery That Set a Legend in Motion

On 6 September 1924, twenty-one-year-old John Dillinger joined his friend Edgar Singleton in robbing a local grocer, Frank Morgan, as he returned home carrying the week’s takings. Dillinger struck Morgan with a cloth-wrapped iron bolt. Both men were arrested, but despite Dillinger having no prior record, he received the harsher sentence: between 10 and 20 years. Singleton, the experienced criminal who had planned the job, hired a lawyer and walked away with a lighter term.

Inside the Indiana State Reformatory, Dillinger kept his head down, worked as a seamster in the shirt factory, and carefully cultivated friendships with hardened criminals including Harry Pierpont, Homer Van Meter, and Charles Makley. These men would later form the core of the Dillinger gang. He later wrote to his father: ‘if I had gotten off more leniently when I made my first mistake this would never have happened.’

John Dillinger 1924 mugshot
John Dillinger 1924 mugshot

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1792: Five Days of Mob Killing End as the September Massacres Claim Half of Paris Prisons

Over five days in September 1792, mobs stormed nine prisons across Paris and carried out mass summary executions of those held within. The killings were brutal in their indiscriminate reach: roughly half the prison population was slaughtered before the violence finally subsided.

An estimated three-quarters of the victims were not political prisoners at all, but common criminals, forgers, women, and children. The September Massacres remain one of the darkest episodes of the French Revolutionary period.

Engraving showing the massacre of Princess de Lamballe
Engraving showing the massacre of Princess de Lamballe

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