1870: Andrew Vair Hanged at Ararat for the Ambush Murder of Amos Cheale

Amos Cheale, a mining manager formerly of Maldon and later overseeing the Silver Mines Company at St Arnaud, was ambushed and shot in the scrub near the mine in broad daylight. His killer, Andrew Vair (also reported as Vere), a Scottish miner aged around 34, had harboured a grudge rooted in a dispute over mining shares at the Friburg reef, which Vair himself had discovered. He stepped out of the scrub, levelled a double-barrelled pistol at Cheale, and fired both barrels at close range. Cheale died shortly after.

Vair fled into the scrub and was hunted across the colony before his arrest. He was tried, convicted, and hanged at Ararat. Before his execution, he wrote a final letter to his mother and a poem:-

Not in my innocence I trust, I bow before Thee in the dust, And through my Saviour’s blood alone, I look for mercy at Thy throne. What is life? ’tis all a vapor, Soon it vanishes away; Life is like a dying taper – Oh, my soul, why wish to stay? Why not spread thy wings and fly Straight to yonder world of joy? I come, I come, at Thy command, I give my spirit to Thy hand. Stretch forth Thine everlasting arms, And shield me in the last alarms. The hour of my departure’s come – I hear the voice that calls me home. Now, O my God, let trouble cease. Now let Thy servant die in peace.

Old prayer book with ink pen and letter on desk
Old prayer book with ink pen and letter on desk

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1868: John Hogan Hanged at Castlemaine for the Murder of His Tent-Mate at Bullock Creek

John Hogan, a 55-year-old man with a criminal past, met Martin Rooney at Duke’s Flat, Bullock Creek, and the two shared a tent. Rooney had recently arrived from New Zealand carrying deposit receipts worth around 200 pounds. While Rooney slept, Hogan beat him to death with a stonebreaker’s hammer and a tomahawk, fracturing his skull in several places. One of the receipts and Rooney’s purse were found on Hogan when he was arrested.

At the inquest, around 400 miners gathered outside and had to be warned against lynching by the coroner. Evidence placed Hogan selling his watch for tucker money just hours after the killing, while telling a storekeeper he had a mate with plenty of money he intended to rob. Hogan was tried, convicted, and hanged at Castlemaine on 14 August 1868.

Bullock Creek goldfields murder newspaper article image
Bullock Creek goldfields murder newspaper article image

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1917: Tilly Devine Marries an Australian Soldier in London, Sealing a Turbulent Union

Matilda Twiss, born in Camberwell, London in 1900, married James Edward Devine, an Australian soldier serving in World War I, on 12 August 1917. Jim Devine, known as ‘Big Jim’, was a Victorian-born digger with a reputation for being sour and quick-tempered; Tilly was vivacious and already working as a prostitute. The pair were opposites in almost every way.

Tilly followed Jim to Sydney after the war, arriving in February 1920 and quickly building a criminal empire centred on Darlinghurst and Kings Cross. As the self-styled Queen of Woolloomooloo, she became one of the most notorious figures in the razor gang wars of the late 1920s and early 1930s. The marriage lasted 25 years before ending in divorce in 1943.

Portrait of Tilly Devine in 1925
Portrait of Tilly Devine in 1925

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1873: Oscar Wallace Hanged at Ballarat for Armed Assault at Mount Beckworth

Oscar Wallace, known also by the aliases James and Hasker, had only been free for six weeks when he committed a brutal armed assault on Mary Cook at her isolated farmhouse near Mount Beckworth, outside Clunes, on 4 August 1873. Her husband was away, and Wallace, disguised with a bran bag over his head and a sack about his body, entered the property, seized a double-barrelled gun, locked the children in an adjoining room, and attacked the homeowner at knifepoint. He then fled through the district, robbing several men, firing at a Mr Prentice near Beaufort, and reportedly heading toward a hotel to settle an old score. He had served two years in Pentridge for larceny and had openly threatened the life of a witness from that trial.

Senior Constable Woods disguised himself as a digger and tracked Wallace to a store near Beaufort, where he overpowered him before Wallace could use the butcher’s knife he still carried. Wallace was tried, convicted, and hanged at Ballarat on 11 August 1873. He reportedly showed complete indifference to his fate from the moment of his capture.

James Wallace (tried as Oscar Wallace), prisoner no. 8775. PROV, VPRS 515/P0000, Volume 13, p. 167
James Wallace (tried as Oscar Wallace), prisoner no. 8775. PROV, VPRS 515/P0000, Volume 13, p. 167

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