1892: The Axe Murders That Made Lizzie Borden Infamous

On the morning of 4 August 1892, Andrew Borden and his wife Abby were found hacked to death in their home in Fall River, Massachusetts. Andrew, a self-made millionaire with an estate valued at $300,000, had built his fortune through furniture, property, and banking, yet kept a famously frugal household. Suspicion fell almost immediately on his younger daughter, Lizzie, a churchgoing Sunday school teacher and temperance advocate.

Lizzie Borden was tried for the axe murders of her father and stepmother and acquitted, with no one else ever charged. She spent the rest of her life in Fall River, dying of pneumonia in 1927 at age 66. The case never left the public imagination, inspiring films, plays, literary works, and one of the most enduring folk rhymes in American criminal history.

Portrait of Lizzie Borden 1890
Portrait of Lizzie Borden 1890

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1807: Aaron Burr on Trial for Plotting the Secession of New England

Aaron Burr, former Vice President of the United States, stood trial beginning 3 August 1807, accused of conspiring to engineer the secession of New England and carve out an independent empire in the American west. The charges grew from years of suspicion surrounding his political ambitions and alleged dealings with foreign powers after his catastrophic fall from grace following the fatal duel with Alexander Hamilton in 1804.

The trial, presided over by Chief Justice John Marshall in Richmond, Virginia, became one of the most closely watched legal proceedings in early American history. Burr was ultimately acquitted on the treason charge, Marshall ruling that the prosecution had failed to prove an overt act of treason as required by the Constitution.

1803 Painting of Aaron Burr
1803 Painting of Aaron Burr

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1876: Wild Bill Hickok Shot Dead at the Poker Table in Deadwood

James Butler Hickok, known as Wild Bill Hickok, was shot and killed on August 2, 1876, while playing poker at a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. The killer was Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler who approached from behind and fired a single shot. Hickok, 39, had built a formidable reputation as a frontier lawman, Union army scout, marksman, and showman, though much of his legend rested on exaggeration, including his own.

The cards Hickok held at the moment of his death, two pairs of black aces and eights, passed into folklore as the dead man’s hand. McCall was initially acquitted but later retried, convicted, and hanged. Hickok remains one of the most mythologised figures of the American Old West.

Portrait photograph of James Hickok
Portrait photograph of James Hickok

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1966: Charles Whitman Opens Fire from the Texas Tower, Killing 17 in Austin

On August 1, 1966, Charles Joseph Whitman, a former Marine and engineering student at the University of Texas at Austin, killed his mother and wife the night before, then armed himself with rifles and climbed to the 28th-floor observation deck of the campus clock tower. For 96 minutes he fired at random pedestrians below, killing eleven and wounding 31, before Austin police shot him dead. Three more had been killed inside the building on his way up.

Whitman had sought psychiatric help in the months before the attack, reporting violent ideations, severe headaches, and episodes of uncontrollable rage. A posthumous autopsy found a glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor pressing on his amygdala, sparking lasting debate about neurological contributions to his behaviour. The attack, one of the first mass shootings to receive widespread national media coverage, is widely credited with driving the creation of SWAT teams across the United States.

UT tower clock tower on university campus under blue sky
UT tower clock tower on university campus under blue sky

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