On 4 August 1265, the Battle of Evesham ended the Second Barons’ War in one of medieval England’s most decisive and brutal engagements. Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, had dominated royal government since his victory at Lewes the previous year, holding King Henry III and Prince Edward in captivity. But the defection of key allies and the escape of Prince Edward unravelled his position. Trapped in a loop of the River Avon near Evesham, Worcestershire, outnumbered two to one and deceived by captured banners flown to disguise the approaching royalist army, de Montfort knew his fate. His reported final words: ‘Our bodies are theirs, our souls are God’s.’
The battle was short and merciless. De Montfort was killed and his body mutilated. The contemporary chronicler Robert of Gloucester called it ‘the murder of Evesham, for battle it was none.’ Royal authority was restored, though pockets of resistance persisted until the Dictum of Kenilworth in 1267.
