Amos Cheale, a mining manager formerly of Maldon and later overseeing the Silver Mines Company at St Arnaud, was ambushed and shot in the scrub near the mine in broad daylight. His killer, Andrew Vair (also reported as Vere), a Scottish miner aged around 34, had harboured a grudge rooted in a dispute over mining shares at the Friburg reef, which Vair himself had discovered. He stepped out of the scrub, levelled a double-barrelled pistol at Cheale, and fired both barrels at close range. Cheale died shortly after.

Vair fled into the scrub and was hunted across the colony before his arrest. He was tried, convicted, and hanged at Ararat. Before his execution, he wrote a final letter to his mother and a poem:-

Not in my innocence I trust, I bow before Thee in the dust, And through my Saviour’s blood alone, I look for mercy at Thy throne. What is life? ’tis all a vapor, Soon it vanishes away; Life is like a dying taper – Oh, my soul, why wish to stay? Why not spread thy wings and fly Straight to yonder world of joy? I come, I come, at Thy command, I give my spirit to Thy hand. Stretch forth Thine everlasting arms, And shield me in the last alarms. The hour of my departure’s come – I hear the voice that calls me home. Now, O my God, let trouble cease. Now let Thy servant die in peace.

Old prayer book with ink pen and letter on desk
Old prayer book with ink pen and letter on desk

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Rhoda Willis, also known as Leslie James, was a baby farmer convicted of murdering the illegitimate infant of Maud Treasure. She had undertaken to adopt and raise the child for six pounds, but the infant was found suffocated, wrapped in a parcel, in her bed at a Cardiff lodging house. Willis was sentenced to death at Glamorgan Assizes and executed by hanging at Cardiff Prison on 14 August 1907, carried out by brothers Henry and Thomas Pierrepoint. She was the only woman hanged in Wales in the 20th century and the last baby farmer to be executed in Britain.

Born in Sunderland in 1867, Willis was 40 years old on the day of her death. She had received a first-class education, spoke several languages, and had lived in Cardiff for years following the death of her husband. The night before her execution, she confessed to her solicitor that she had wilfully killed the baby on the train. She met her fate, according to witnesses, calmly and without incident.

In a letter written shortly before her execution, Willis expressed deep remorse, wrote that she had never before appreciated the singing of the birds or the beauty of sunshine as much as in her final days, and expressed confidence that God would pardon her sins.

Mrs. Grundy, an icon of Victorian respectability-Victorian baby farming era
Mrs. Grundy, an icon of Victorian respectability-Victorian baby farming era

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John Hogan, a 55-year-old man with a criminal past, met Martin Rooney at Duke’s Flat, Bullock Creek, and the two shared a tent. Rooney had recently arrived from New Zealand carrying deposit receipts worth around 200 pounds. While Rooney slept, Hogan beat him to death with a stonebreaker’s hammer and a tomahawk, fracturing his skull in several places. One of the receipts and Rooney’s purse were found on Hogan when he was arrested.

At the inquest, around 400 miners gathered outside and had to be warned against lynching by the coroner. Evidence placed Hogan selling his watch for tucker money just hours after the killing, while telling a storekeeper he had a mate with plenty of money he intended to rob. Hogan was tried, convicted, and hanged at Castlemaine on 14 August 1868.

Bullock Creek goldfields murder newspaper article image
Bullock Creek goldfields murder newspaper article image

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Francis Blandy, a lawyer and town clerk of Henley-on-Thames, died in August 1751 after his daughter Mary repeatedly dosed his food with arsenic. The powder had been supplied by her lover, Captain William Henry Cranstoun, a Scottish officer who was already secretly married. Cranstoun told Mary the powder would make her father more accepting of their betrothal. His death became one of the earliest criminal cases to feature scientific toxicological evidence.

Mary was arrested after servants and relatives raised suspicions. Tried at Oxford in February 1752, she was convicted of murder and hanged on 6 April 1752, protesting her innocence to the end. Cranstoun escaped justice in court but died of illness in December 1752.

Engraved portrait of Mary Blandy in period dress
Engraved portrait of Mary Blandy in period dress

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