In October 1861 the politician Horatio Wills led an enormous settler train, more than 10,000 sheep and a line of bullock wagons, onto Gayiri land in Central Queensland to establish a cattle station at Cullin-la-ringo, without seeking permission from the people whose country it was. Tensions were already high: a neighbouring squatter had wrongly accused Gayiri men of stealing cattle and had several killed over it.

On 17 October, Aboriginal people who had been passing through the camp all day attacked, killing nineteen of the twenty-five settlers present, including Wills himself. Only a handful escaped, among them his teenage son Tom Wills, later a celebrated cricketer and co-founder of Australian rules football.

The arrival of the neighbouring squatters and Mon collecting and burying the dead. By T.G.Moyle: 1861
The arrival of the neighbouring squatters and Mon collecting and burying the dead. By T.G.Moyle: 1861

⬅ See all events from 17 October

John Hill, a butcher, had spent the day drinking with Simon Burn at Parramatta on 5 October 1794 when he turned on the woman he lived with, beating her until Burn stepped in to stop him. Hill stabbed Burn through the heart; dying within the hour, Burn had just enough strength left to name his killer before witnesses, declaring that the butcher had done it. Burn, a First Fleet convict who had earned his freedom and settled his own farm, was reportedly the first free man in the colony to be murdered by another colonist.

Hill tried to set up an alibi at his trial, but the wound and Burn’s own dying words undid him. He was hanged at Sydney on 16 October 1794, his body handed over for dissection as his sentence required.

Bloody Halloween killer dressed as butcher on dark blue background
Butcher and butcherer

⬅ See all events from 16 October

Seven year old Olive Morris died on this day in East Perth, her throat swabbed raw, just as her older sister Annie had died months before. Both times the family doctor, Cuthbert, signed the same death certificate: diphtheria. Both times he was wrong.

What the certificate did not record was hydrochloric acid, swabbed onto the children’s throats by their father’s partner, Martha Rendell, under the guise of treating illness. The pattern would not be noticed for two more years, until a third child in the household died the same way and police finally ordered the earlier graves reopened.

The exhumations in 1909 revealed what two death certificates had missed, and set in motion the case that would end with Rendell on the gallows.

Martha Rendell
Martha Rendell

⬅ See all events from 16 October

When civil engineer Peter Sherlock vanished in July 1889, his landlord Robert Landells claimed he had gone up country looking for work. About a month later, Sherlock’s body was discovered beneath branches near Ringwood, outside Melbourne, with a fractured skull and devastating gunshot injuries to his face.

Landells told the inquest Sherlock had been broke and depressed, a man likely to have taken his own life. Detectives found otherwise: Sherlock held 200 pounds in securities, and after his disappearance Landells had cashed his cheques and sold his gun to a grazier near Beaufort. Confronted, Landells confessed to shooting Sherlock while passing the loaded gun between them, insisting it was an accident, then panicking and burying the body. A jury did not believe him, and he was hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 16 October 1889 in an execution so botched the rope nearly severed his head.

Landells kept to his story of an accident to the end, refusing calls to confess. When the sheriff asked on the scaffold whether he had anything to say, he replied only, “No, sir.”

Sketch of Ringwood mystery crime scene near Dandenong Creek 1889
Sketch of Ringwood mystery crime scene near Dandenong Creek 1889

⬅ See all events from 16 October

On This Day in True Crime History

Subscribe to Dark Stories

True crime stories, dark history and tour news, straight to your inbox.