1861: Nathaniel Ruby Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for the Murder of a Fellow Miner at Tarnagulla

At Sandy Creek, near Tarnagulla, the body of Joseph Watson was discovered at the bottom of a deep mine shaft in August 1861. He had been beaten to death, his skull crushed by repeated blows. Two large bloodied stones were found nearby. Nathaniel Ruby, a former mate of the deceased, had already confessed to a woman named Mary Ann Annersley, telling her he would kill Watson after learning she had been with him. Hours later he returned and told her plainly: ‘I have killed Joe, he is for the grave and I’m for the gallows.’

Ruby was arrested on the strength of Annersley’s account and the physical evidence recovered from the shaft. He was tried, convicted, and hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 5 August 1861. Watson had recently found a gold nugget worth around 150 pounds; how much remained on him at the time of his death was never established.

Ruby’s own words to Annersley on the night of the killing served as the most damning evidence against him: ‘I have killed Joe, he is for the grave and I’m for the gallows.’

Golden nuggets in the museum. Gold in nuggets | ID 189813062 © Lyaschock | Dreamstime.com
ID 189813062 © Lyaschock | Dreamstime.com

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1870: Patrick Smith Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for the Murder of His Wife

Patrick Smith, a fisherman working the Yarra and Saltwater rivers, had subjected his wife Mary to years of brutal abuse at their home in Errol Street, Hotham (North Melbourne). Neighbours had witnessed repeated beatings and shocking cruelties; Mary herself had told those around her that she believed her husband would one day murder her. On 9 July 1870, after a day of drinking and quarrelling, a neighbour heard heavy blows, then silence, then Smith calling out ‘Mary, Mary, do get up.’ She was never seen alive again.

Smith was tried for the murder of his wife and convicted. He was hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 4 August 1870.

Maribyrnong River at Brimbank Park in Victoria, Australia
Maribyrnong River at Brimbank Park in Victoria, Australia

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1546: Scholar and Printer Etienne Dolet Hanged and Burned for Heresy in Paris

Etienne Dolet, born in Orleans in 1509, was a French scholar, translator and printer whose humanist convictions put him on a collision course with the French Inquisition. Educated at Padua and Toulouse, he built a reputation as a gifted orator and a defiant critic of religious orthodoxy. His publications in Lyon drew the close attention of inquisitorial authorities, and after several periods of imprisonment, the combined forces of the parlement of Paris, the Inquisition, and the Sorbonne secured his conviction for heresy, blasphemy and sedition.

On 3 August 1546, his 37th birthday, Dolet was hanged and burned alongside his books on the Place Maubert in Paris. He is remembered today as a martyr for freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

16th century engraving portrait of Etienne Dolet
16th century engraving portrait of Etienne Dolet

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1864: William Carver Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for Armed Bank Robbery at Fitzroy

On 14 July 1864, four men, Samuel Woods, William Carver, Jeremiah Phillips, and James Anderson, stormed the Fitzroy branch of the English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered Bank. Woods entered first, confronting the manager John Dowling at the counter, threatening to shoot him and producing a pistol during the struggle that followed. The gang was arrested and committed for trial, the Crown prosecutor arguing that even those who stood watch outside the building shared equal guilt with those who entered.

Carver was convicted of shooting with intent and hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 3 August 1864.

Waltz in a backroom 1864 Fitzroy bank robbery with pistols and knife
Waltz in a backroom 1864 Fitzroy bank robbery with pistols and knife

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On This Day in True Crime History
1794·The First Free Settler Murdered in the Colony: Hanged at Sydney for a Parramatta Stabbing
1826·The Gun That Misfired Twice: Three Bushrangers Hanged Outside Sydney
1873·A Tearful Confession in Custody Cracked the Case: Two Men Hanged at Perth Gaol for Eating their Victim
1889·He Called It an Accident. The Jury Called It Murder: Robert Landells Hanged at Melbourne Gaol
1907·A Doctor Fooled Twice: Martha Rendell and the Second Child to Die of Diphtheria
2002·Shot Dead in His Own Bed: A Melbourne Gangland Killing Blamed on a Friend
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