1875: An Gaa Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for the Murder of a Mining Partner at Vaughan

In June 1875, a Chinese miner was found dead at a hut near the goldfields of Vaughan, central Victoria. An Gaa, who shared the hut with the deceased, was found calmly eating rice by candlelight when Constable King and a Chinese interpreter arrived to investigate.

The scene was disturbing: the body lay on its side, a used opium pipe in the hand, blood soaked through the straw bunk and into the wood beneath, and a wet towel stained with blood and water nearby. An Gaa claimed to know nothing of how his housemate had died.

Tried before Justice Sir Redmond Barry in July 1875, An Gaa was convicted of murder. He was hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 30 August 1875.

Workers washing mining tailings in the 1870s
Workers washing mining tailings in the 1870s

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1857: Frederick Turner Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for Armed Robbery and Attempted Murder

Frederick Turner, just 21 years old, was hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 28 August 1857 for robbery under arms on the Flemington Road. He and accomplices had robbed a labouring man near Flemington, and when the victim begged for the return of half a crown to feed his children, Turner drew a revolver and fired at his head. The ball glanced off, inflicting only a minor wound, but the intent was clear. Turner had arrived in Victoria as a free emigrant aboard the William Jardine in 1849, accompanied by his parents and brother.

Convicted at the Criminal Sessions of highway robbery and shooting with intent to murder, Turner went to the gallows clinging to hope of a reprieve that never came. He refused to reveal his real name, admitting only that idleness and dissolute company had been his ruin.

He maintained he had never intended to kill his victim, and this belief appeared to sustain a lingering, ill-founded hope that mercy would be shown to him in this world.

Bushranger Robbery Under Arms
Bushranger Robbery Under Arms

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1893: John Conder Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for the Murder of a Merchant

John Conder was hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 28 August 1893 for the murder of Kaiza Singh, a Hindu hawker, near Buchan in eastern Victoria. Several hundred people gathered outside the prison, and inside, around two dozen witnesses attended the execution.

Conder was led to the scaffold by the hangman and his assistant, both heavily bearded. A chaplain, recited prayers at the scaffold. When asked by the Sheriff if he wished to make a statement, Conder, who was hard of hearing, shook his head. The rope was placed around his neck and the cap drawn over his face.

Conder cried out "O God, have mercy on my soul" before the bolt was drawn.

John Conder Illustration 1893
John Conder Illustration 1893

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1853: Henry Turner Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for Robbery and Murder

At Melbourne Gaol on 23 August 1853, Henry Turner and his accomplice John Smith were hanged for the murder of John Warren at Fryer's Creek. The two men had entered Warren's hut demanding gold, and when he could not produce it, they shot him in the eye with a revolver at close range. Warren was found blind and bleeding in the bush, groping through the scrub; he died shortly after from a bone splinter that had penetrated his brain.

Turner was attended in his final days by the Reverend Mr Studdert of St. James' Church, while Smith received the Catholic priests Fathers Shiel, Cunningham, and Hayes. Both men were executed before a considerable crowd, and neither had entertained any hope of reprieve.

Turner acknowledged the justice of his sentence before his death, as did Smith, who was brought to admit that the punishment he was about to suffer was just and merited.

View from below of historical gallows in Tombstone Arizona
View from below of historical gallows in Tombstone Arizona

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On This Day in True Crime History
1863·Given a Glass of Brandy and Told to Shoot: A Servant Hanged in Melbourne for a Shanty Murder
1863·The Lover Whose Pistol Misfired: David Gedge Hanged in Melbourne for a Murder Near Mansfield
1863·On the Scaffold, She Begged Her Lover to "Clear Her": the First Woman Hanged in Melbourne
1880·Such Is Life: Ned Kelly Hanged in Melbourne for the Murder of Constable Lonigan
More Crime On This Day →

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