1952: Australia's First Thallium Poisoning Murder Conviction: Yvonne Fletcher Sentenced to Death in Sydney

At the Central Criminal Court in Sydney, 30-year-old Yvonne Gladys Fletcher of Newtown was sentenced to death after a seven-day trial for the 1948 murder of her first husband, Desmond George Butler, who died after months of wasting illness caused by thallium poisoning. Asked if she had anything to say before sentence was passed, she replied simply, "No, your Honor," but moments later a prayer book she had carried through every day of the trial crashed to the floor and she collapsed in the dock, sobbing, as police lifted her out.

Mr Justice Kinsella told the court the crime was "horrible" because the poison had been "secretly administered within the family circle" to an unsuspecting victim, destroying him "mentally and physically while permitting him to linger for months in wretched agony." Fletcher was the first person in Australian criminal history convicted of murder by thallium poisoning, and the jury recommended that the sale of the poison to the public be banned outright.

What the sentencing did not reveal to onlookers was already known to the court: Fletcher had also been committed for trial over the death of her second husband, who had died from the same poison at Newtown only months earlier. The Crown Prosecutor noted the chilling parallel between the two cases, telling the jury, "There is no question that both Butler and Fletcher died from thallium poisoning... the same matrimonial discord, the same hatred towards each man, the same sudden illness, and the same dreadful symptoms." The judge himself observed that had this conviction concerned her second husband, evidence of his cruelty toward her might have offered some mitigation, but no such excuse existed for the killing of her first.

Yvonne Fletcher and Second Husband: Photograph by Robert Haswell. Gift, 2006. Justice & Police Museum Collection, Museums of History New South Wales, JP2006/1.
Yvonne Fletcher and Second Husband: Photograph by Robert Haswell. Gift, 2006. Justice & Police Museum Collection, Museums of History New South Wales, JP2006/1.

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1909: Convicted Alone: Martha Rendell Sentenced to Death in Perth as Her Partner Walks Free

Martha Rendell, de facto wife of Thomas Nicholls Morris, was convicted in the Supreme Court of Western Australia at Perth of the wilful murder of her partner's son, Arthur Joseph Morris, and sentenced to death by hanging. The court accepted that Thomas Morris had been unaware of what Rendell was doing until after the deaths of the children, and he was acquitted.

Acting Chief Justice Robert McMillan told the jury it was probably the most anxious case he had ever presided over, and voiced concern that newspaper coverage, might have prejudiced their judgement. Rendell maintained her innocence throughout, insisting she had only been treating the children for diphtheria.

Portrait of Martha Rendell
Portrait of Martha Rendell

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1978: The Umbrella That Killed: Assassinated with a Ricin Pellet

Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov was waiting for a bus on Waterloo Bridge in London when he felt a sudden sharp pain in his leg. He turned to see a man pick up a dropped umbrella and hurry away, offering a mumbled apology. Markov thought little of it until a small red mark and fever set in over the following days.

The umbrella had been rigged to fire a tiny pellet packed with ricin, a poison for which there was and is no antidote. Markov died four days later, on 11 September 1978, from the resulting blood poisoning, becoming one of the most infamous casualties of Cold War espionage.

His killer would not be identified for almost three decades. It was not until 2005 that leaked files named the assassin as Francesco Gullino, an agent working for the Bulgarian secret service, though he was never extradited or tried for the murder.

Umbrella gun.
Umbrella gun.

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2025: Mushroom Murderer Erin Patterson Sentenced to Life, Could Walk Free at 82

Supreme Court Justice Christopher Beale handed Erin Patterson three life sentences for murder and 25 years for attempted murder, setting a non-parole period of 33 years. That means Patterson, who poisoned relatives with a beef Wellington laced with death cap mushrooms, cannot be considered for release until 2056, when she would be 82 years old.

The judge described the crime as an 'enormous betrayal' marked by substantial premeditation, and noted that Patterson had shown no remorse for the deaths she caused.

Poisonous death cap mushrooms
Poisonous death cap mushrooms

⬅ See all events from 8 September

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On This Day in True Crime History
1863·Given a Glass of Brandy and Told to Shoot: A Servant Hanged in Melbourne for a Shanty Murder
1863·The Lover Whose Pistol Misfired: David Gedge Hanged in Melbourne for a Murder Near Mansfield
1863·On the Scaffold, She Begged Her Lover to "Clear Her": the First Woman Hanged in Melbourne
1880·Such Is Life: Ned Kelly Hanged in Melbourne for the Murder of Constable Lonigan
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