2005: The Trial of Saddam Hussein Begins Over Crimes Against Humanity

Saddam Hussein, once the fifth president of Iraq, stood in the dock in Baghdad on this day in 2005 alongside seven co-defendants, charged with crimes against humanity before the newly formed Iraqi Special Tribunal. The man who had ruled Iraq for over two decades now faced judgement for the killings of civilians, a reversal few could have imagined just years earlier when he commanded absolute power.

The trial dragged on through outbursts, walkouts and the assassination of defence lawyers before Hussein was convicted. He was executed by hanging just over a year later, on 30 December 2006.

Baathist era 5 dinar Iraqi banknote with Saddam Hussein
Baathist era 5 dinar Iraqi banknote with Saddam Hussein

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1793: The Queen Who Apologised to Her Executioner: the Execution of Marie Antoinette

Nine months after her husband Louis XVI went to the guillotine, Marie Antoinette followed him, tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal for treason against the new French Republic. Her hair had been cropped and her wrists bound behind her back; she rode to the Place de la Revolution in an open cart, not the closed carriage that had carried the king. Witnesses recorded that climbing the scaffold she stepped on her executioner's foot and murmured an apology, a small, almost absurd courtesy moments before the blade fell on 16 October 1793. The crowd that had once cheered a queen watched in silence.

Marie Antoinette's execution in 1793
Marie Antoinette's execution in 1793

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1586: A Queen on Trial for Her Life: Mary, Queen of Scots, Faces the Crown She Threatened

She had already lost one throne and spent nearly two decades a prisoner in England, but in October 1586 Mary, Queen of Scots, was brought before a tribunal of English noblemen at Fotheringhay Castle, accused of plotting to assassinate her own cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. Letters allegedly written in cipher, part of what became known as the Babington Plot, were produced as evidence that she had approved a plan to murder Elizabeth and seize the English crown for herself.

Mary denied any part in the conspiracy and refused at first to recognise the court's authority over an anointed queen. The trial proceeded regardless, and the verdict that followed would send her to the executioner's block the following year.

Portrait of Mary Queen of Scots in royal attire
Portrait of Mary Queen of Scots in royal attire

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1912: It Takes More Than That to Kill a Bull Moose: the Shooting of Theodore Roosevelt in Milwaukee

Theodore Roosevelt was climbing into his car in Milwaukee on 14 October 1912, campaigning for a third term as president, when a former saloonkeeper named John Schrank stepped from the crowd and shot him in the chest. The bullet had already been slowed by a folded steel glasses case and a fifty page speech manuscript in his breast pocket before it lodged in his chest muscle.

With the crowd turning on the gunman, Roosevelt shouted for Schrank to be left unharmed and handed to police. Then, bleeding and reasoning from his own hunting experience that he was not coughing blood and so his lung was untouched, he refused hospital treatment and walked onto the stage. He opened his address with the line that followed him ever after: "It takes more than that to kill a bull moose." He spoke for roughly ninety minutes before finally agreeing to see a doctor. Surgeons judged the bullet too close to vital organs to remove, and Roosevelt carried it in his chest for the rest of his life.

Theodore Roosevelt speaking from a car shortly before being shot in 1912.
Theodore Roosevelt speaking from a car shortly before being shot in 1912.

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On This Day in True Crime History

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