1869: James Ritson Hanged at Melbourne Gaol for the Murder of a Prison Chaplain

James Ritson, a prisoner at Pentridge Stockade already serving time for shooting a market inspector, killed the Reverend William Hill inside his solitary confinement cell in July 1869. Hill, the Wesleyan chaplain and superintendent of the second Wesleyan Circuit, had entered the cell alone to offer religious instruction. Ritson attacked him with a bed hinge he had wrenched free, battering in the chaplain’s skull. A warder heard Hill cry out “Mercy, man” but mistook it for prayer; by the time he forced the barricaded door open, Hill was dying on the floor in a pool of blood.

Hill had served the colony for fourteen years, was acting editor of the Wesleyan Chronicle, and left four young children orphaned, their mother having died only months earlier. He was buried at Melbourne Cemetery on 15 July 1869. Ritson, described at the time as a homicidal maniac, was hanged at Melbourne Gaol on 3 August 1869.

The Late Reverend Hill
The Late Reverend Hill

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1926: Royston Rennie Hanged at Perth for a Train Robbery Murder

On 3 June 1926, Royston Rennie boarded a train between East Perth and Perth stations and attacked two employees of the National Bank of Australasia who were transferring a large sum of banknotes from the Maylands branch to head office. He bludgeoned 15-year-old junior clerk Douglas Favas into unconsciousness and fatally shot senior clerk John Roger Greville, seizing the cash before fleeing. Rennie had spent weeks ingratiating himself with locals, posing as an aviator seeking work with W.A. Airways, and had borrowed a pistol from a Bassendean acquaintance under false pretences.

Tried before Justice Northmore, Rennie pleaded not guilty in a low but firm voice. The testimony of young Favas, himself a victim of the attack, proved decisive. The jury convicted, and Rennie was sentenced to death. He was executed at Perth on 2 August 1926.

Royston Rennie the gentleman killer from Perth executed in Fremantle
Royston Rennie the gentleman killer from Perth executed in Fremantle

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1876: Wild Bill Hickok Shot Dead at the Poker Table in Deadwood

James Butler Hickok, known as Wild Bill Hickok, was shot and killed on August 2, 1876, while playing poker at a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. The killer was Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler who approached from behind and fired a single shot. Hickok, 39, had built a formidable reputation as a frontier lawman, Union army scout, marksman, and showman, though much of his legend rested on exaggeration, including his own.

The cards Hickok held at the moment of his death, two pairs of black aces and eights, passed into folklore as the dead man’s hand. McCall was initially acquitted but later retried, convicted, and hanged. Hickok remains one of the most mythologised figures of the American Old West.

Portrait photograph of James Hickok
Portrait photograph of James Hickok

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1966: Charles Whitman Opens Fire from the Texas Tower, Killing 17 in Austin

On August 1, 1966, Charles Joseph Whitman, a former Marine and engineering student at the University of Texas at Austin, killed his mother and wife the night before, then armed himself with rifles and climbed to the 28th-floor observation deck of the campus clock tower. For 96 minutes he fired at random pedestrians below, killing eleven and wounding 31, before Austin police shot him dead. Three more had been killed inside the building on his way up.

Whitman had sought psychiatric help in the months before the attack, reporting violent ideations, severe headaches, and episodes of uncontrollable rage. A posthumous autopsy found a glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor pressing on his amygdala, sparking lasting debate about neurological contributions to his behaviour. The attack, one of the first mass shootings to receive widespread national media coverage, is widely credited with driving the creation of SWAT teams across the United States.

UT tower clock tower on university campus under blue sky
UT tower clock tower on university campus under blue sky

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