In August 1612, eleven people stood trial at Lancaster Castle accused of witchcraft in one of the most thoroughly documented witch trials in English history. Six of the accused came from two rival poverty-stricken families: the Demdikes, led by Elizabeth Southerns known as Old Demdike, and the Chattoxes, led by Anne Whittle known as Mother Chattox. The trials unfolded against a backdrop of religious unrest in Lancashire, a region long regarded as resistant to Protestant authority and sympathetic to Catholicism.
Ten of the eleven were found guilty and executed. The proceedings were recorded in an official publication, The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster, by court clerk Thomas Potts, ensuring the case survived as legend. In a country where fewer than 500 people were executed for witchcraft over three centuries, this single summer of trials in Pendle accounts for roughly 2% of that total.
