New Zealand

Minnie Dean, a baby farmer operating out of The Larches cottage in Winton, New Zealand, was executed by hanging at Invercargill Gaol on 12 August 1895. Convicted of murdering infant Dorothy Edith Carter, she became the first and only woman ever hanged in New Zealand. Police had grown suspicious after discovering she had attempted to take out life insurance policies on children in her care. In May 1895, a railway guard reported she had boarded a train with a baby and a hatbox, departing with only the box. Three children’s bodies were later found buried in her garden, though investigators believed the true number of victims may have been far greater.

Born Williamina McCulloch in Scotland in 1844, Dean had emigrated to New Zealand and married Charles Dean in 1872. She took in unwanted infants for payment, a practice known as baby farming, at a time when illegitimate births carried severe social stigma. An 1891 inquest had found her premises inadequate but stopped short of criminal charges. Her arrest in 1895 ended a career that had taken in as many as nine children at a time under a veneer of respectability.

At the scaffold, Dean maintained her innocence to the last, stating: ‘I have nothing to say, except that I am innocent.’

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