1582: Robbed of Ten Days: When Pope Gregory XIII Erased a Fortnight From the Calendar

Thursday, October 4, 1582, went to bed as normal. The next morning, by papal decree, it was Friday, October 15. Pope Gregory XIII had just deleted ten days from the lives of everyone in the lands that adopted his new calendar, not through war or plague but with a stroke of the pen.

The old Julian calendar, running since Julius Caesar set it up in 45 BCE, drifted by about a day every century, slowly dragging the spring equinox out of place. Gregory’s fix was elegant on paper and bewildering in practice: landlords demanded a full month’s rent for a fortnight no one had lived through, wages fell short, and in some towns crowds accused the Church of stealing their days outright. The new rule that century years are only leap years if divisible by 400 quietly corrected the error for good, and the dates we live by today are still Gregory’s.

The Time Thief
The Time Thief

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1829: The Birth of Scotland Yard: London Gets Its First Modern Police Force

Before 1829, London had no unified police, just a patchwork of parish constables and private watchmen who could barely keep pace with a city rife with theft, riot and violence. Home Secretary Robert Peel changed that, pushing through the Metropolitan Police Act and creating a single force answerable to the Crown rather than local vestries.

Its headquarters took its name from the street behind it, a quiet lane called Great Scotland Yard, and the name stuck long after the force outgrew the building. The new constables, soon nicknamed bobbies and peelers after their founder, were unarmed, uniformed and deeply distrusted at first by a public wary of state surveillance. Within decades Scotland Yard would become the model for modern policing worldwide, and its name a byword for criminal investigation itself.

Scotland Yard headquarters in London police force: 1929 centenary celebration
Scotland Yard headquarters in London police force: 1929 centenary celebration

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1824: Queensland’s First Convict Colony Founded, Then Abandoned for Brisbane Within a Year

On this day, Lieutenant Henry Miller led a party of convicts and soldiers ashore at Redcliffe on Moreton Bay to establish the first European settlement in the region that would later become Queensland. The site had been recommended by explorer John Oxley as a suitable location for a new penal outpost, but the choice quickly proved a poor one.

The choice proved a poor one. Fresh water was scarce, the anchorage was exposed and unsafe for shipping, and within a year the entire settlement was abandoned. The colony was relocated south along the river to a site that would grow into the city of Brisbane, which soon eclipsed Redcliffe as the region’s principal convict station.

Flogging a Convict at Moreton Bay by William Ross: illustration from The Fell Tyrant
Flogging a Convict at Moreton Bay by William Ross: illustration from The Fell Tyrant

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1789: The Birth of Policing in New South Wales

On 8 August 1789, Governor Arthur Phillip authorised the formation of a nightwatch at Sydney Cove, drawing eight of the best-behaved convicts from the colony’s population. The Royal Marines, originally tasked with policing duties, had proved unwilling to discipline their fellow convicts, forcing Phillip’s hand. A free settler named John Smith had earlier been appointed as the colony’s first constable, becoming the first recorded police officer in Australia.

The Night Watch was joined by a Row Boat Guard, also composed of selected convicts. The Night Watch was replaced by the Sydney Foot Police in 1790 and evolved into an organised force that endured until the amalgamation of all New South Wales colonial police forces in 1862.

NSW Police Force recruits training with horses revolvers drill and gear
NSW Police Force recruits training with horses revolvers drill and gear

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On This Day in True Crime History
1891·The Mace, the Madam, and a Melbourne Scandal That Never Died
1959·Through a Chapel Ventilator: the Sydney Jailbreak That Triggered Australia's Biggest Manhunt
More Crime On This Day →

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