1307: Friday the 13th: King Philip the Fair Orders the Arrest of the Knights Templar

Before dawn on Friday 13 October 1307, royal officers across France moved on hundreds of Knights Templar at once, arresting the warrior monks in their own preceptories under sealed orders opened simultaneously nationwide. King Philip the Fair, deeply in debt to the order he had once sworn to protect, accused its knights of heresy and secret blasphemous rites.

Under torture, many confessed to charges historians now regard as fabricated to justify seizing the order’s vast wealth. The arrests marked the beginning of the end for the Templars, who were suppressed within a few years and their leaders burned at the stake, and contributed to the enduring misfortune of the date of Friday the 13th.

Medieval illustration of the Grand Master of the Templars burning at the stake.
Medieval illustration of the Grand Master of the Templars burning at the stake.

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1949: Born in Venezuela: the Birth of Carlos the Jackal, the Worlds Most Wanted Terrorist

Ilich Ramirez Sanchez was born in Venezuela on 12 October 1949, the son of a Marxist lawyer who named him after Lenin. Raised between a devoutly Catholic mother and a father devoted to revolutionary politics, he would grow up to become one of the most notorious political terrorists of the twentieth century.

As Carlos the Jackal, he carried out assassinations, bombings and hostage takings across Europe through the 1970s and into the 1980s, including the infamous 1975 raid on the OPEC headquarters in Vienna. For years he evaded capture using a fake Peruvian passport bearing the alias Carlos Andres Martinez Torres, fitted with a deliberately poor photograph he later admitted was a likeness intentionally bad, designed to throw investigators off his trail. That very passport, seized by French police who did not yet know his real identity, is the reason the world came to know him only as Carlos.

Peruvian passport - real or fake?
Peruvian passport – real or fake?

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1984: The Brighton Bomb: the IRA Attempt to Wipe Out Margaret Thatcher and Her Cabinet

The Grand Hotel in Brighton was packed with Britain’s Conservative leadership for their annual conference when a long-delay bomb, planted by the Provisional IRA weeks earlier in a guest room, tore through the building in the early hours. Margaret Thatcher was still awake working on her conference speech in the room next door and escaped with only cuts, but five people died in the rubble and 31 more were injured, some permanently maimed.

The bomber, Patrick Magee, had checked into the hotel under a false name and set the timer so far in advance that he was long gone before it detonated. The IRA’s chilling statement afterward noted that Thatcher had been lucky that day, but they would only need to be lucky once. Magee was later caught through forensic evidence left on the bomb casing and convicted for the attack.

Grand Hotel, Brighton, after the bombing, 1984. Photo: D4444n / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
Grand Hotel, Brighton, after the bombing, 1984. Photo: D4444n / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).

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1789: The Doctor Who Wanted Death to Be Humane: Joseph Guillotin Proposes a Single-Blow Beheading Machine

In Versailles in 1789, a physician named Joseph Guillotin stood before France’s new National Assembly and argued that execution should not be a matter of rank or suffering. He proposed that every condemned prisoner, noble or commoner, die the same way: instantly, by a single blow of a blade, rather than by the axe, the sword, or the rope, methods that often took multiple strokes or slow strangulation to finish the job.

Guillotin framed it as a mercy, a way to strip cruelty and class privilege out of state killing. He did not invent the device that would later carry his name, nor did he ever operate one, but the machine built from his proposal would go on to define the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror, and the word guillotine would forever be linked to the man who only meant to make dying less brutal.

Public guillotine execution scene 1897
Public guillotine execution scene 1897

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On This Day in True Crime History
1794·The First Free Settler Murdered in the Colony: Hanged at Sydney for a Parramatta Stabbing
1826·The Gun That Misfired Twice: Three Bushrangers Hanged Outside Sydney
1873·A Tearful Confession in Custody Cracked the Case: Two Men Hanged at Perth Gaol for Eating their Victim
1889·He Called It an Accident. The Jury Called It Murder: Robert Landells Hanged at Melbourne Gaol
1907·A Doctor Fooled Twice: Martha Rendell and the Second Child to Die of Diphtheria
2002·Shot Dead in His Own Bed: A Melbourne Gangland Killing Blamed on a Friend
More Crime On This Day →

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