1888: Mutiny on the Brisbane River: the Captain Who Threatened to Turn His Guns on Parliament

Captain Henry Townley Wright refused to hand command of the gunboat Gayundah to his second officer, Lieutenant Francis Taylor, and had him arrested instead, declaring the vessel under Royal Navy authority rather than the Queensland government. He threatened to train the ship's guns on the Parliament building overlooking the Brisbane River while loading coal and three months of supplies, apparently preparing to sail for Sydney rather than be dismissed over a long running dispute about unauthorised spending of public funds.

On this day in 1888, the Colonial Secretary sent the Police Commissioner and twenty armed constables to retake the ship, drawing a crowd of two thousand onlookers to the riverbank. After a tense standoff, Wright accepted defeat. He wrote a formal letter of protest, read it aloud on deck, released Taylor from arrest, then calmly borrowed a light for a cigarette from a bystander before stepping ashore under police escort.

HMQS Gayundah Queensland Navy flagship in 1890
HMQS Gayundah Queensland Navy flagship in 1890

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1846: Over Confiscated Kettles: Twelve Hanged on Norfolk Island After a Convict Mutiny

The trouble began with cooking pots. When the commandant of the Norfolk Island penal settlement ordered all private kettles and saucepans confiscated in June 1846, tightening an already brutal regime, convicts erupted in fury the next morning. A mob armed with axes and wooden billets killed a convict constable at the lumber-yard gate, beat an overseer to death with a carving fork and billets, then struck down two more sleeping constables before soldiers finally restored order.

Fourteen men were tried months later before a military jury; twelve were convicted and hanged in two batches of six on the same morning in October 1846, their bodies buried outside consecrated ground in a spot still known as Murderers' Mound. A thirteenth man was hanged six days after for the same overseer's killing.

Before his execution, the ringleader declared that four of the twelve condemned men were innocent, insisting he had not even spoken to one of them on the morning of the riot and that the others had played no part in the killings, but it was to no avail.

Murderers mound on Norfolk Island circa 1900
Murderers mound on Norfolk Island circa 1900

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1629: The Batavia Massacre: First European Executions on Australian Soil

When the Dutch East India Company ship Batavia wrecked on a reef off Western Australia in 1629, disgraced merchant Jeronimus Cornelisz seized control of the survivors stranded on the barren Houtman Abrolhos islands. Fearing his crimes would be exposed once rescue came, he set his followers to killing anyone who might oppose him or drain the group's meagre food and water. Over the following weeks his men murdered at least 125 men, women and children, drowning some and butchering others, while a small band of soldiers under Wiebbe Hayes held out against them on a nearby island.

When commander Francisco Pelsaert finally returned with a rescue ship, Cornelisz had already been captured. He and six of his men were hanged on Long Island in the Houtman Abrolhos on 2 October 1629, the first Europeans executed on Australian soil; Cornelisz had both hands amputated before he was strung up. Two lesser offenders were marooned on the mainland instead, becoming the first Europeans known to live in Australia.

Confessions were extracted from several of the mutineers under torture before the executions were carried out.

From Shipwreck to Massacre on Beacon Island
From Shipwreck to Massacre on Beacon Island

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1764: Born to Mutiny: Fletcher Christian, the Man Who Cast Captain Bligh Adrift

Fletcher Christian was born on 25 September 1764 in Cumberland, England, decades before he would become one of history's most infamous mutineers. In April 1789, as master's mate aboard HMS Bounty, he led a revolt against Captain William Bligh, seizing the ship in the South Pacific after months of tension during the vessel's breadfruit-collecting voyage.

Rather than kill Bligh, Christian set him adrift in a small open boat with eighteen loyal crew members and minimal supplies. Bligh went on to complete an extraordinary 3,618-mile voyage to safety in Timor, a feat of navigation still studied today.

Christian and his fellow mutineers eventually settled on remote Pitcairn Island with a group of Tahitian men and women, burning the Bounty to avoid detection. The fate of the settlement descended into violence within years, and the exact circumstances of Christian's own death remain disputed, with some accounts claiming he was killed by fellow settlers and others suggesting he secretly returned to England.

Portrait of Friday Fletcher October Christian son of Bounty mutineer Christian Fletcher 1814 by John Shillibeer
Portrait of Friday Fletcher October Christian son of Bounty mutineer Christian Fletcher 1814 by John Shillibeer

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On This Day in True Crime History

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